Fair Useįederal copyright regulations do allow us to use copyrighted material for some purposes called fair use. Note that proper citation of these works is still required in these situations. These exceptions relate to educational, informative and critical purposes. Two exceptions to copyright law allow the use of copyrighted works without the explicit permission of the copyright owner. Photo credit: Keegan Houser Exceptions to Copyright Law For example, if you photocopy a textbook and give it to your friends to save them some money, this is a copyright violation. Copyright infringement is the distribution of work that is not your own without the permission of the copyright owner. Plagiarism is using someone else’s work as your own or using someone else’s work without giving that person proper credit via citations and other references. What’s the difference between plagiarism and copyright infringement? For example, a graduate student might allow a journal to publish her work for a certain time or in a certain publication, but a license ensures that the work remains, ultimately, in the hands of its author. Note that this means that the author of the work cannot revise it without permission from the new copyright owner.Ĭopyright owners might allow others to use their protected works in limited capacities. Generally, journals require that authors relinquish their copyrights so that the journals themselves control the distribution of the material. This happens often when a professor or graduate student hopes to publish in a journal. However, copyright ownership can be transferred to others through a process called assignment. The creator of a work is the original owner of a copyright. Professors and graduate student instructors also have copyright of any course materials they create for classes they teach. Copyright and the Academic Traditionīy tradition, copyright for a professor’s or student’s scholarly work remains with the author, not with the university they are associated with. The scientist and the staff members who write these works do not. In both cases, the employers – the medical company and the university – own the copyrights. Several staff members at a university might prepare information for that school’s website. For example, a scientist at a medical company might write the instruction manual for a new medical device. In the copyright world, a creative task done as part of an employee’s job description is called a work for hire. Collective works often arise in employment settings where part of the job description includes writing or other creative work. When a person creates something for the purpose of a larger group and that group holds the copyright, this is called collective work. In this case, all creators have equal rights to distribute and alter the work, and they must split profits among each other. Joint authorship occurs when two or more people work together on a creative work. When an individual creates a work, this is called single authorship this single author alone is granted a copyright. Single Authorship, Joint Authorship and Collective Work If not, it can be more difficult to prosecute those who infringe on a copyright. If a work is registered with the Library of Congress, the creator will have clear legal grounds for redress. Library of Congress.Ĭopyright infringement occurs when a work is reproduced, distributed, displayed, performed or altered without the creator’s permission. However, to gain the support of the United States government in protecting these works, a creator must register for a copyright with the U.S. Those methods of expression are protected, but the shared idea is not.Ĭopyrights are immediately bestowed upon a creator as soon as the work is placed in some tangible, transmissible form (such as in a book or online). Consider that many people could have the same idea, but they might express those ideas in vastly different ways. If the creator of a work is an organization such as a university or journal, copyright protections last for 95 to 120 years.Ī copyright protects the expression, presentation or arrangement of a creator’s ideas, but not the ideas themselves. If the creator of a work is an individual, the copyright protects distribution of the work for 70 years after the creator’s death. Creators retain the rights to reproduce, distribute, display, perform and alter their work. Creative works include writing, drawing, artistic works, computer code and computer software, among other things. Copyrights protect creative works by ensuring that only creators have the rights to reproduce, distribute, display, perform and alter these works.
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. ArchivesCategories |